Reference:Camera - Revision history

Maurice: Precision about 40 char limited version number

2021-07-02T20:51:44Z

Precision about 40 char limited version number

Clipka: /* Aspect Ratio */ canonicalize a version number

2021-06-09T13:37:56Z

Aspect Ratio: canonicalize a version number

Jholsenback: link addition

2018-10-01T22:36:31Z

link addition

Jholsenback: technical correction

2018-10-01T22:32:41Z

technical correction

Jholsenback: documenting change in implementation

2017-09-30T23:19:24Z

documenting change in implementation

Jholsenback: updated defaults

2017-07-16T21:32:04Z

updated defaults

Jholsenback: merged from talk

2017-07-16T21:18:28Z

merged from talk

Jholsenback: minor cleanup

2017-07-16T11:59:19Z

minor cleanup

Jholsenback: version changes

2017-06-26T10:37:13Z

version changes

Clipka at 13:39, 10 June 2017

2017-06-10T13:39:41Z

@@ Line 869: / Line 869: @@
 </pre>
-<p>Where <em>IDENTIFIER</em> is the name of the identifier up to 40
+<p>Where <em>IDENTIFIER</em> is the name of the identifier and <em>CAMERA</em> is any valid camera statement. See
 <!--<linkto "#declare vs. #local">#declare vs. #local</linkto>--->[[Reference:Declare and Local Directives#declare vs. local|#declare vs. #local]] for information on identifier scope. Here is an example...</p>
 <pre>

@@ Line 263: / Line 263: @@
 <pre>
-#version X.y; // X.y is a version less than 3.8
+#version X.y; // X.y is a version less than v3.8
 camera {
    location &lt;3,5,-10&gt;

@@ Line 252: / Line 252: @@
 the cylinder lies along the <code>right</code> vector. Viewing rays for type
 are perpendicular to the <code>right</code> vector.</p>
 <p class="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> The <code>up</code>, <code>right</code>, and <code>direction</code> vectors should always remain perpendicular to each other or the image will be distorted. If this is not the case a warning message will be printed. The vista buffer will not work for non-perpendicular camera vectors.</p>

@@ Line 257: / Line 257: @@
 <p>Together the <code>right</code> <em>(width)</em> and <code>up</code> <em>(height)</em> vectors define the <em>aspect ratio</em> of the resulting image.</p>
-<p>A {{Change}} in version 3.8 redefines how the <code>right</code> vector default is derived. When <code>[[Reference:Version Directive|#version]]</code> is set as <em>either</em> the <em>VERY</em> first statement of the scene file or via [[Reference:Scene Parsing Options#Language Version|command-line option]] and the version is 3.8 or greater the default setting is now <code>right &lt;image_width/image_height,0,0&gt;</code> as opposed to the <code>right &lt;1.33,0,0&gt;</code> value used in previous versions. As usual, the image width and height can be specified from either the pull down menu available in <em>GUI</em> versions <em>ONLY</em> or the <code>+Wn</code> and <code>+Hn</code> command-line options available to <em>ALL</em> versions. The default <code>up</code> vector remains as <code>&lt;0,1,0&gt;</code>.</p>
+<p>A {{Change}} in version 3.8 redefines how the <code>right</code> vector default is derived. The default setting is now <code>right &lt;image_width/image_height,0,0&gt;</code> as opposed to the <code>right &lt;1.33,0,0&gt;</code> value used in previous versions. Requires <code>#version 3.8;</code> or equivalent INI setting or command-line option. See also: [[Reference:Version Directive|Version Directive]]. As usual, the image width and height can be specified from either the pull down menu available in <em>GUI</em> versions <em>ONLY</em> or the <code>+Wn</code> and <code>+Hn</code> command-line options available to <em>ALL</em> versions. The default <code>up</code> vector remains as <code>&lt;0,1,0&gt;</code>.</p>
 <p>To retain legacy behavior see the example below:</p>

@@ Line 257: / Line 257: @@
 <p>Together the <code>right</code> <em>(width)</em> and <code>up</code> <em>(height)</em> vectors define the <em>aspect ratio</em> of the resulting image.</p>
-<p>A {{Change}} in version 3.8 redefines how the <code>right</code> vector default is derived. Previously a fixed value, it is now a calculated value that is based on the image width and height specified at render time. As usual, the image width and height can be specified from either the pull down menu available in <em>GUI</em> versions <em>ONLY</em> or the <code>+Wn</code> and <code>+Hn</code> command-line options available to <em>ALL</em> versions. This behavior is conditional upon the <em>last</em> effective <code>#version</code> directive before the camera definition. The default <code>up</code> vector remains as <code>&lt;0,1,0&gt;</code>.</p>
+<p>A {{Change}} in version 3.8 redefines how the <code>right</code> vector default is derived. When <code>[[Reference:Version Directive|#version]]</code> is set as <em>either</em> the <em>VERY</em> first statement of the scene file or via [[Reference:Scene Parsing Options#Language Version|command-line option]] and the version is 3.8 or greater the default setting is now <code>right &lt;image_width/image_height,0,0&gt;</code> as opposed to the <code>right &lt;1.33,0,0&gt;</code> value used in previous versions. As usual, the image width and height can be specified from either the pull down menu available in <em>GUI</em> versions <em>ONLY</em> or the <code>+Wn</code> and <code>+Hn</code> command-line options available to <em>ALL</em> versions. The default <code>up</code> vector remains as <code>&lt;0,1,0&gt;</code>.</p>
 <p>To retain legacy behavior see the example below:</p>

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
    location &lt;0,0,0&gt;
    direction &lt;0,0,1&gt;
-   right 1.33*x
+   right &lt;image_width/image_height,0,0&gt;
    up y
    sky &lt;0,1,0&gt;
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
    location   : &lt;0,0,0&gt;
    look_at    : z
-   right      : 1.33*x
+   right      : &lt;image_width/image_height,0,0&gt;
    sky        : &lt;0,1,0&gt;
    up         : y
@@ Line 145: / Line 145: @@
 camera {
    location &lt;3,5,-10&gt;
-   sky   &lt;1,1,0&gt;
+   sky &lt;1,1,0&gt;
    look_at &lt;0,2,1&gt;
+   }
@@ Line 223: / Line 223: @@
 default values are:</p>
 <pre>
-right 4/3*x
+right &lt;image_width/image_height,0,0&gt;
 up y
 </pre>
@@ Line 276: / Line 276: @@
 of the <code>right</code> vector can be used to determine the handedness of
 the coordinate system in use. The default value is: <code>
-right &lt;1.33,0,0&gt;</code>. This means that the +x-direction is to the
+right &lt;image_width/image_height,0,0&gt;</code>. This means that the +x-direction is to the
 right. It is called a <em>left-handed</em> system because you can use your
 left hand to keep track of the axes. Hold out your left hand with your palm
@@ Line 291: / Line 291: @@
 -x-direction. To tell POV-Ray to act like this you can use a negative x value
 in the <code>right</code> vector such as: <code>
-right &lt;-1.33,0,0&gt;</code>. Since having x values increasing to the left
+right &lt;-image_width/image_height,0,0&gt;</code>. Since having x values increasing to the left
 does not make much sense on a 2D screen you now rotate the whole thing 180
 degrees around by using a positive z value in your camera's location. You
@@ Line 298: / Line 298: @@
 camera {
    location &lt;0,0,10&gt;
-   up    &lt;0,1,0&gt;
+   up &lt;0,1,0&gt;
-   right  &lt;-1.33,0,0&gt;
+   right &lt;-image_width/image_height,0,0&gt;
    look_at &lt;0,0,0&gt;
+   }
@@ Line 332: / Line 332: @@
 <pre>
 camera {
-   location &lt; 0, 0, 0&gt;
+   location &lt;0,0,0&gt;
-   direction &lt; 0, 0, 1&gt;
+   direction &lt;0,0,1&gt;
-   up    &lt; 0, 1, 0&gt;
+   up &lt;0,1,0&gt;
-   right   &lt; 1, 0, 0&gt;
+   right &lt;1,0,0&gt;
-   rotate  &lt;30, 60, 30&gt;
+   rotate &lt;30,60,30&gt;
-   translate &lt; 5, 3, 4&gt;
+   translate &lt;5,3,4&gt;
+   }
 </pre>

@@ Line 255: / Line 255: @@
 ===Aspect Ratio===
-<p>Together the <code>up</code> and <code>right</code> vectors define the
+<p>Together the <code>right</code> <em>(width)</em> and <code>up</code> <em>(height)</em> vectors define the <em>aspect ratio</em> of the resulting image.</p>
-<em>aspect ratio</em> (height to width ratio) of the resulting image. The
-default values <code>up &lt;0,1,0&gt;</code> and <code>
+<p>A {{Change}} in version 3.8 redefines how the <code>right</code> vector default is derived. Previously a fixed value, it is now a calculated value that is based on the image width and height specified at render time. As usual, the image width and height can be specified from either the pull down menu available in <em>GUI</em> versions <em>ONLY</em> or the <code>+Wn</code> and <code>+Hn</code> command-line options available to <em>ALL</em> versions. This behavior is conditional upon the <em>last</em> effective <code>#version</code> directive before the camera definition. The default <code>up</code> vector remains as <code>&lt;0,1,0&gt;</code>.</p>
-right &lt;1.33,0,0&gt;</code> result in an aspect ratio of 4 to 3. This is the
-aspect ratio of a typical computer monitor. If you wanted a tall skinny image
+<p>To retain legacy behavior see the example below:</p>
-or a short wide panoramic image or a perfectly square image you should adjust
 <pre>
 camera {
    location &lt;3,5,-10&gt;
    look_at &lt;0,2,1&gt;
+   }
 </pre>
 ===Handedness===

@@ Line 159: / Line 159: @@
 The <code>sky</code> vector does nothing on its own. It only modifies the
 way the <code>look_at</code> vector turns the camera. The default value is
-<code>sky&lt;0,1,0&gt;</code>.</p>
+<code>sky &lt;0,1,0&gt;</code>.</p>
 ===Angles===
@@ Line 198: / Line 198: @@
 <code>direction</code> vector but it is described here in case you do. It
 tells POV-Ray the initial direction to point the camera before moving it with
-the <code>look_at</code> or <code>rotate</code> vectors (the default value is
+the <code>look_at</code> or <code>rotate</code> vectors the default value is
-<code>direction&lt;0,0,1&gt;</code>). It may also be used to control the
+<code>direction &lt;0,0,1&gt;</code>. It may also be used to control the
 (horizontal) field of view with some types of projection. The length of the
 vector determines the distance of the viewing plane from the camera's
@@ Line 257: / Line 257: @@
 <p>Together the <code>up</code> and <code>right</code> vectors define the
 <em>aspect ratio</em> (height to width ratio) of the resulting image. The
-default values <code>up&lt;0,1,0&gt;</code> and <code>
+default values <code>up &lt;0,1,0&gt;</code> and <code>
-right&lt;1.33,0,0&gt;</code> result in an aspect ratio of 4 to 3. This is the
+right &lt;1.33,0,0&gt;</code> result in an aspect ratio of 4 to 3. This is the
 aspect ratio of a typical computer monitor. If you wanted a tall skinny image
 or a short wide panoramic image or a perfectly square image you should adjust
@@ Line 309: / Line 309: @@
 of the <code>right</code> vector can be used to determine the handedness of
 the coordinate system in use. The default value is: <code>
-right&lt;1.33,0,0&gt;</code>. This means that the +x-direction is to the
+right &lt;1.33,0,0&gt;</code>. This means that the +x-direction is to the
 right. It is called a <em>left-handed</em> system because you can use your
 left hand to keep track of the axes. Hold out your left hand with your palm
@@ Line 324: / Line 324: @@
 -x-direction. To tell POV-Ray to act like this you can use a negative x value
 in the <code>right</code> vector such as: <code>
-right&lt;-1.33,0,0&gt;</code>. Since having x values increasing to the left
+right &lt;-1.33,0,0&gt;</code>. Since having x values increasing to the left
 does not make much sense on a 2D screen you now rotate the whole thing 180
 degrees around by using a positive z value in your camera's location. You
@@ Line 850: / Line 850: @@
 <p>You must also specify the <code>blur_samples</code> keyword followed by an integer value specifying the maximum number of rays to use for each pixel. More rays give a smoother appearance but is slower. By default no focal blur is used, i. e. the default aperture is 0 and the default number of samples is 0.</p>
-<p>The center of the <em>zone of sharpness</em> is specified by the <code>focal_point</code> vector. The <em>zone of sharpness</em> is a plane through the <code>focal_point</code> and is parallel to the camera. Objects close to this plane of focus are in focus and those farther from that plane are more blurred. The default value is <code>focal_point&lt;0,0,0&gt;</code>.</p>
+<p>The center of the <em>zone of sharpness</em> is specified by the <code>focal_point</code> vector. The <em>zone of sharpness</em> is a plane through the <code>focal_point</code> and is parallel to the camera. Objects close to this plane of focus are in focus and those farther from that plane are more blurred. The default value is <code>focal_point &lt;0,0,0&gt;</code>.</p>
 <p>Although <code>blur_samples</code> specifies the maximum number of samples, there is an adaptive mechanism that stops shooting rays when a certain degree of confidence has been reached. At that point, shooting more rays would not result in a significant change.</p>

@@ Line 782: / Line 782: @@
 {{#indexentry:user_defined, camera}}
 {{#indexentry:camera, user_defined}}
-<p>{{New}} to version 3.7.1 a user defined camera capability was added. Similar to the [[Reference:Camera#Mesh projection|mesh camera]] the <code>user_defined</code> camera allows complete control over ray origin and direction, with the advantage of not having to actually load a mesh to function. It's inner workings are also less constrained than the mesh camera.</p>
+<p>{{New}} to version 3.8 a user defined camera capability was added. Similar to the [[Reference:Camera#Mesh projection|mesh camera]] the <code>user_defined</code> camera allows complete control over ray origin and direction, with the advantage of not having to actually load a mesh to function. It's inner workings are also less constrained than the mesh camera.</p>
 <p>In addition to being able to duplicate existing camera types, this mechanism can also be easily used for other arbitrary camera formats waiting to be integrated into POV-Ray. This includes light probe style, angular, cube mapping, side-by-side stereo-grams, Omni-Directional Stereo (ODS), Mercator, and other map projections.</p>

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
    smooth
 USER_DEFINED_MODIFIERS:
-   [location  <function{ }>, <function{ }>, <function{ }>]
+   [location  &lt;function{ }&gt;, &lt;function{ }&gt;, &lt;function{ }&gt;]
-   [direction <function{ }>, <function{ }>, <function{ }>]
+   [direction &lt;function{ }&gt;, &lt;function{ }&gt;, &lt;function{ }&gt;]
 </pre>
 <p>