Reference:Pattern Modifiers - Revision history

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{{#indexentry:pattern modifiers}}
==Pattern Modifiers==
Pattern modifiers are statements or parameters which modify how a pattern
is evaluated or tells what to do with the pattern. The complete syntax
is:
<pre>
PATTERN_MODIFIER:
BLEND_MAP_MODIFIER | AGATE_MODIFIER | DENSITY_FILE_MODIFIER |
QUILTED_MODIFIER | BRICK_MODIFIER | SLOPE_MODIFIER |
noise_generator Number| turbulence <Amount> |
octaves Count | omega Amount | lambda Amount |
warp { [WARP_ITEMS...] } | TRANSFORMATION
BLEND_MAP_MODIFIER:
frequency Amount | phase Amount | ramp_wave | triangle_wave |
sine_wave | scallop_wave | cubic_wave | poly_wave [Exponent]
AGATE_MODIFIER:
agate_turb Value
BRICK_MODIFIER:
brick_size Size | mortar Size
DENSITY_FILE_MODIFIER:
interpolate Type
SLOPE_MODIFIERS:
<Altitude>
<Lo_slope,Hi_slope>
<Lo_alt,Hi_alt>
QUILTED_MODIFIER:
control0 Value | control1 Value
PIGMENT_MODIFIER:
PATTERN_MODIFIER | COLOR_LIST | PIGMENT_LIST |
color_map { COLOR_MAP_BODY } | colour_map { COLOR_MAP_BODY } |
pigment_map{ PIGMENT_MAP_BODY } | quick_color COLOR |
quick_colour COLOR
COLOR NORMAL_MODIFIER:
PATTERN_MODIFIER | NORMAL_LIST |
normal_map { NORMAL_MAP_BODY } | slope_map{ SLOPE_MAP_BODY } |
bump_size Amount
TEXTURE_PATTERN_MODIFIER:
PATTERN_MODIFIER | TEXTURE_LIST |
texture_map{ TEXTURE_MAP_BODY }
DENSITY_MODIFIER:
PATTERN_MODIFIER | DENSITY_LIST | COLOR_LIST |
color_map { COLOR_MAP_BODY } | colour_map { COLOR_MAP_BODY } |
density_map { DENSITY_MAP_BODY }
</pre>

{{#indexentry:default values, pattern modifiers}}
Default values for pattern modifiers:
<pre>
dist_exp : 0
falloff : 2.0
frequency : 1.0
lambda : 2.0
major_radius : 1
map_type : 0
noise_generator : 2
octaves : 6
omega : 0.5
orientation : <0,0,1>
phase : 0.0
poly_wave : 1.0
strength : 1.0
turbulence : <0,0,0>
</pre>

The modifiers PIGMENT_LIST, <code>quick_color</code>, and <code>pigment_map</code> apply only to pigments. See the section [[Reference:Pigment|:Pigment|Pigment]] for details on these pigment-specific pattern modifiers.
The modifiers COLOR_LIST and <code>color_map</code> apply only to pigments and densities. See the sections [[Reference:Pigment|:Pigment|Pigment]] and [[Reference:Density File Pattern|:Density|:Density_File|Density]] for details on these pigment-specific pattern modifiers.
The modifiers NORMAL_LIST, <code>bump_size</code>, <code>slope_map</code> and <code>normal_map</code> apply only to normals. See the section [[Reference:Normal|:Normal|Normal]] for details on these normal-specific pattern
modifiers.
The TEXTURE_LIST and <code>texture_map</code> modifiers can only be used with patterned textures. See the section [[Reference:Patterned Textures#Texture Maps|Texture Maps]] for details.
The DENSITY_LIST and <code>density_map</code> modifiers only work with <code>media{density{..}}</code> statements. See the section [[Reference:Density File Pattern|:Density|:Density_File|Density]] for details.

{{#indexentry:agate_turb, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifier, agate_turb}}
{{#indexentry:brick_size, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifier, brick_size}}
{{#indexentry:mortar, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifier, mortar}}
{{#indexentry:control0, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifier, control0}}
{{#indexentry:control1, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifier, control1}}
{{#indexentry:warp, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifier, warp}}
The <code>agate_turb</code> modifier can only be used with the <code>agate</code> pattern. See the section [[Reference:Agate Pattern|:Agate|Agate]] for details.
The <code>brick_size</code> and <code>mortar</code> modifiers can only be used with the <code>brick</code> pattern. See the section [[Reference:Brick Pattern|:Brick|Brick]] for details.
The <code>control0</code> and <code>control1</code> modifiers can only be used with the <code>quilted</code> pattern. See the section [[Reference:Quilted Pattern|:Quilted|Quilted]] for details.
The <code>interpolate</code> modifier can only be used with the <code>density_file</code> pattern. See the section [[Reference:Density File Pattern|:Density File|Density File]] for details.
The general purpose pattern modifiers in the following sections can be used with <code>pigment</code>, <code>normal</code>, <code>texture</code>, or <code>density</code> patterns.

===Transforming Patterns===
The most common pattern modifiers are the transformation modifiers <code>translate</code>, <code>rotate</code>, <code>scale</code>, <code>transform</code>, and <code>matrix</code>. For details on these commands see the section [[Reference:Transformations|:Transformations|Transformations]].
These modifiers may be placed inside pigment, normal, texture, and density
statements to change the position, size and orientation of the patterns.
Transformations are performed in the order in which you specify them.
However in general the order of transformations relative to other pattern
modifiers such as <code>turbulence</code>, <code>color_map</code> and other
maps is not important. For example scaling before or after turbulence makes
no difference. The turbulence is done first, then the scaling regardless of
which is specified first. However the order in which transformations are
performed relative to <code>warp</code> statements is important. See the section [[Reference:Warp|Warps]] for details.

{{#indexentry:frequency, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, frequency}}
{{#indexentry:phase, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, phase}}

===Frequency and Phase===
The <code>frequency</code> and <code>phase</code> modifiers act as a type
of scale and translate modifiers for various blend maps. They only have
effect when blend maps are used. Blend maps are <code>color_map</code>,
<code>pigment_map</code>, <code>normal_map</code>, <code>slope_map</code>,
<code>density_map</code>, and <code>texture_map</code>. This discussion uses
a color map as an example but the same principles apply to the other blend
map types.
The <code>frequency</code> keyword adjusts the number of times that a color
map repeats over one cycle of a pattern. For example <code>gradient</code> covers color map values 0 to 1 over the range from x=0 to x=1. By adding <code>frequency 2.0</code> the color map repeats twice over that same range. The same effect can be achieved using <code>scale 0.5*x</code> so the frequency keyword is not that useful for patterns like gradient.
However the radial pattern wraps the color map around the +y-axis once. If
you wanted two copies of the map (or 3 or 10 or 100) you would have to build
a bigger map. Adding <code>frequency 2.0</code> causes the color map to be
used twice per revolution. Try this:
<pre>
pigment {
radial
color_map{
[0.5 color Red]
[0.5 color White]
}
frequency 6
}
</pre>

The result is six sets of red and white radial stripes evenly spaced
around the object.
The float after <code>frequency</code> can be any value. Values greater than
1.0 causes more than one copy of the map to be used. Values from 0.0 to 1.0
cause a fraction of the map to be used. Negative values reverses the map.
The <code>phase</code> value causes the map entries to be shifted so that the map starts and ends at a different place. In the example above if you render successive frames at <code>phase 0</code> then <code>phase 0.1</code>, <code>phase 0.2</code>, etc. you could create an animation that rotates the stripes. The same effect can be easily achieved by rotating the <code>radial</code> pigment using <code>rotate y*Angle</code> but there are other uses where phase can be handy.
Sometimes you create a great looking gradient or wood color map but you want
the grain slightly adjusted in or out. You could re-order the color map
entries but that is a pain. A phase adjustment will shift everything but
keep the same scale. Try animating a <code>mandel</code> pigment for a color
palette rotation effect.
These values work by applying the following formula
 New_Value = fmod ( Old_Value * Frequency + Phase, 1.0 ). 
The <code>frequency</code> and <code>phase</code> modifiers have no effect on block patterns <code>checker</code>, <code>brick</code>, and <code>hexagon</code> nor do they effect <code>image_map</code>, <code>bump_map</code> or <code>material_map</code>. They also have no effect in normal statements when used with <code>bumps</code>, <code>dents</code>, <code>quilted</code> or <code>wrinkles</code> because these normal patterns cannot use <code>normal_map</code> or <code>slope_map</code>.
They can be used with normal patterns <code>ripples</code> and <code>waves</code> even though these two patterns cannot use <code>normal_map</code> or <code>slope_map</code> either. When used with <code>ripples</code> or <code>waves</code>, <code>frequency</code> adjusts the space between features and <code>phase</code> can be adjusted from 0.0 to 1.0 to cause the ripples or waves to move relative to their center for animating the features.

{{#indexentry:ramp_wave, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, ramp_wave}}
===Waveforms===
POV-Ray allows you to apply various wave forms to the pattern function
before applying it to a blend map. Blend maps are <code>color_map</code>,
<code>pigment_map</code>, <code>normal_map</code>, <code>slope_map</code>,
<code>density_map</code>, and <code>texture_map</code>.

Most of the patterns which use a blend map, use the entries in the map in
order from 0.0 to 1.0. The effect can most easily be seen when these patterns
are used as normal patterns with no maps. Patterns such as <code>
gradient</code> or <code>onion</code> generate a groove or slot that looks
like a ramp that drops off sharply. This is called a <code>ramp_wave</code>
wave type and it is the default wave type for most patterns. However the
<code>wood</code> and <code>marble</code> patterns use the map from 0.0 to
1.0 and then reverses it and runs it from 1.0 to 0.0. The result is a wave
form which slopes upwards to a peak, then slopes down again in a <code>
triangle_wave</code>. In earlier versions of POV-Ray there was no way to
change the wave types. You could simulate a triangle wave on a ramp wave
pattern by duplicating the map entries in reverse, however there was no way
to use a ramp wave on wood or marble.

Now any pattern that takes a map can have the default wave type overridden.
For example:
<pre>
pigment { wood color_map { MyMap } ramp_wave }
</pre>

{{#indexentry:sine_wave, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, sine_wave}}
{{#indexentry:scallop_wave, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, scallop_wave}}
{{#indexentry:cubic_wave, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, cubic_wave}}
{{#indexentry:poly_wave, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, poly_wave}}
Also available are <code>sine_wave</code>, <code>scallop_wave</code>,
<code>cubic_wave</code> and <code>poly_wave</code> types. These types are of
most use in normal patterns as a type of built-in slope map. The <code>
sine_wave</code> takes the zig-zag of a ramp wave and turns it into a gentle
rolling wave with smooth transitions. The <code>scallop_wave</code> uses the
absolute value of the sine wave which looks like corduroy when scaled small
or like a stack of cylinders when scaled larger. The <code>cubic_wave</code>
is a gentle cubic curve from 0.0 to 1.0 with zero slope at the start and end.
The <code>poly_wave</code> is an exponential function. It is followed by an
optional float value which specifies exponent. For example <code>poly_wave
2</code> starts low and climbs rapidly at the end while <code>poly_wave
0.5</code> climbs rapidly at first and levels off at the end. If no float
value is specified, the default is 1.0 which produces a linear function
identical to <code>ramp_wave</code>.

Although any of these wave types can be used for pigments, normals,
textures, or density the effect of many of the wave types are not as
noticeable on pigments, textures, or density as they are for normals.

Wave type modifiers have no effect on block patterns <code>checker</code>,
<code>brick</code>, <code>object</code> and <code>hexagon</code> nor do they effect <code>
image_map</code>, <code>bump_map</code> or <code>material_map</code>. They
also have no effect in normal statements when used with <code>bumps</code>,
<code>dents</code>, <code>quilted</code>, <code>ripples</code>, <code>
waves</code>, or <code>wrinkles</code> because these normal patterns cannot
use <code>normal_map</code> or <code>slope_map</code>.
{{#indexentry:noise_generator, pattern modifier}}
{{#indexentry:pattern modifier, noise_generator}}
===Noise Generators===
 There are three noise generators implemented. Changing the <code>noise_generator</code> will change
the appearance of noise based patterns, like bozo and granite.
<ul>
<li><code>noise_generator 1</code> the noise that was used in POV_Ray 3.1</li>
<li><code>noise_generator 2</code> range corrected version of the old noise, it does not show
the plateaus seen with <code>noise_generator 1</code> </li>
<li><code>noise_generator 3</code> generates Perlin noise</li>
</ul>

@@ Line 213: / Line 213: @@
 the appearance of noise based patterns, like bozo and granite.</p>
 <ul>
-<li><code>noise_generator 1</code> the noise that was used in POV_Ray 3.1</li>
+<li><code>noise_generator 1</code> the noise that was used in POV_Ray v3.1</li>
 <li><code>noise_generator 2</code> <em>range corrected</em> version of the old noise, it does not show
 the plateaus seen with <code>noise_generator 1</code> </li>

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 <p>The modifiers <em>PIGMENT_LIST</em>, <code>quick_color</code>, and <code>pigment_map</code> apply only to pigments. See the section [[Reference:Pigment|:Pigment|Pigment]] for details on these pigment-specific pattern modifiers.</p>
-<p>The modifiers <em> COLOR_LIST</em> and <code>color_map</code> apply only to pigments and densities. See the sections [[Reference:Pigment|:Pigment|Pigment]] and [[Reference:Density File Pattern|:Density|:Density_File|Density]] for details on these pigment-specific pattern modifiers.</p>
+<p>The modifiers <em>COLOR_LIST</em> and <code>color_map</code> apply only to pigments and densities. See the sections [[Reference:Pigment|:Pigment|Pigment]] and [[Reference:Density File Pattern|:Density File|Density]] for details on these pigment-specific pattern modifiers.</p>
 <p>The modifiers <em> NORMAL_LIST</em>, <code>bump_size</code>, <code>slope_map</code> and <code>normal_map</code> apply only to normals. See the section [[Reference:Normal|:Normal|Normal]] for details on these normal-specific pattern
 modifiers.</p>
 <p>The <em>TEXTURE_LIST</em> and <code>texture_map</code> modifiers can only be used with patterned textures. See the section <!--<linkto "Texture Maps">Texture Maps</linkto>--->[[Reference:Patterned Textures#Texture Maps|Texture Maps]] for details.</p>
-<p>The <em> DENSITY_LIST</em> and <code>density_map</code> modifiers only work with <code>media{density{..}}</code> statements. See the section [[Reference:Density File Pattern|:Density|:Density_File|Density]] for details.</p>
+<p>The <em>DENSITY_LIST</em> and <code>density_map</code> modifiers only work with <code>media{density{..}}</code> statements. See the section [[Reference:Density File Pattern|:Density File|Density]] for details.</p>
 {{#indexentry:agate_turb, pattern modifier}}
@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 no difference. The turbulence is done first, then the scaling regardless of
 which is specified first. However the order in which transformations are
-performed relative to <code>warp</code> statements is important. See the section [[Reference:Warp|Warps]] for details.</p>
+performed relative to <code>warp</code> statements is important. See the section [[Reference:Warp|Warp]] for details.</p>
 {{#indexentry:frequency, pattern modifier}}
@@ Line 218: / Line 218: @@
 <li><code>noise_generator 3</code> generates Perlin noise</li>
 </ul>

@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 performed relative to <code>warp</code> statements is important. See the section [[Reference:Warp|Warp]] for details.</p>
 {{#indexentry:frequency, pattern modifier}}
 {{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, frequency}}
 {{#indexentry:phase, pattern modifier}}
 {{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, phase}}
 <p>The <code>frequency</code> and <code>phase</code> modifiers act as a type
 of scale and translate modifiers for various blend maps. They only have
@@ Line 145: / Line 144: @@
 <p>They can be used with normal patterns <code>ripples</code> and <code>waves</code> even though these two patterns cannot use <code>normal_map</code> or <code>slope_map</code> either. When used with <code>ripples</code> or <code>waves</code>, <code>frequency</code> adjusts the space between features and <code>phase</code> can be adjusted from 0.0 to 1.0 to cause the ripples or waves to move relative to their center for animating the features.</p>
 {{#indexentry:ramp_wave, pattern modifier}}
 {{#indexentry:pattern modifiers, ramp_wave}}
 <p>POV-Ray allows you to apply various wave forms to the pattern function
 before applying it to a blend map. Blend maps are <code>color_map</code>,
@@ Line 207: / Line 206: @@
 waves</code>, or <code>wrinkles</code> because these normal patterns cannot
 use <code>normal_map</code> or <code>slope_map</code>.</p>
 {{#indexentry:noise_generator, pattern modifier}}
 {{#indexentry:pattern modifier, noise_generator}}
 <p> There are three noise generators implemented. Changing the <code>noise_generator</code> will change
 the appearance of noise based patterns, like bozo and granite.</p>

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{#indexentry:pattern modifiers}}
 <p>Pattern modifiers are statements or parameters which modify how a pattern
 is evaluated or tells what to do with the pattern. The complete syntax