Reference:Introduction

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This book provides a reference for the Persistence of Vision Ray-Tracer (POV-Ray). The documentation applies to all platforms to which this version of POV-Ray is ported. The platform-specific documentation is available for each platform separately.

This book is divided into these main parts:

  1. This introduction together with a complete reference on POV-Ray Options which explains options (set either by command line switches or by INI file keywords) that tell POV-Ray how to render the scenes.
  2. A complete reference on Scene Description Language in which you describe the scene.
  3. A complete reference on the Standard Include Files that come with the POV-Ray package, to be used in your scenes.
  4. Finally, a consolidation of the POV-Ray Scene Description Language in the Quick Reference.

This book covers only the generic parts of the program which are common to each version.

Note: Each version has platform-specific documentation not included here.

We recommend you finish reading the tutorial book then read the platform-specific information before using this reference.

The platform-specific docs will show you how to render a sample scene and will give you detailed description of the platform-specific features.

The Windows version documentation is available on the POV-Ray program's Help menu or by pressing the F1 key while in the program.

The Mac platform documentation is available via the Help menu as well as for viewing using a regular web browser. Details may be found in the POV-Ray MacOS Read Me which contains information specific to the Mac version of POV-Ray. It is best to read this document first.

The Unix / Linux version documentation can be found at the same place as the platform independent part. Usually that is /usr/local/share/povray-3.?/html

More about the notation used throughout this book may be found in the section Notation and Basic Assumptions.

Contents

  1. Command-line Options
    1. Animation Options
    2. General Output Options
    3. Display Output Options
    4. File Output Options
    5. Scene Parsing Options
    6. Shell-out to Operating System
    7. Text Output
    8. Tracing Options
  2. Scene Description Language
    1. Language Basics
      1. Keywords
      2. Identifiers
      3. Comments
      4. Numeric Expressions
      5. Vector Expressions
      6. Color Expressions
      7. User-Defined Functions
      8. Strings
      9. Arrays
      10. Splines
    2. Language Directives
      1. Include Directive
      2. Declare and Local Directives
      3. File I/O Directives
      4. Default Directive
      5. Version Directive
      6. Conditional Directives
      7. User Message Directives
      8. User Defined Macros
  3. Scene Description File
    1. Global Settings
      1. adc_bailout
      2. ambient_light
      3. assumed_gama
      4. hf_gray_16
      5. irid_wavelength
      6. charset
      7. max_trace_level
      8. mm_per_unit
      9. number_of_waves
      10. noise_generator
      11. subsurface
    2. Camera
      1. Placing the Camera
      2. Types of Projections
      3. Placing the Camera
      4. Focal Blur
      5. Camera Ray Perturbation
      6. Camera Identifiers
    3. Lighting Types
      1. Light Sources
        1. Point Lights
        2. Spotlights
        3. Cylindrical Lights
        4. Parallel Lights
        5. Area Lights
      2. Light Groups
      3. Radiosity
      4. Photons
    4. Transformations
      1. translate
      2. scale
      3. rotate
      4. matrix
    5. Objects
      1. Finite Solid Primitives
        1. Blob
        2. Box
        3. Cone
        4. Cylinder
        5. Height Field
        6. Isosurface
        7. Julia Fractal
        8. Lathe
        9. Ovus
        10. Parametric
        11. Prism
        12. Sphere
        13. Sphere Sweep
        14. Superquadric Ellipsoid
        15. Surface of Revolution
        16. Text
        17. Torus
      2. Finite Patch Primitives
        1. Bicubic Patch
        2. Disc
        3. Mesh
        4. Mesh2
        5. Polygon
        6. Triangle
        7. Smooth Triangle
      3. Infinite Solid Primitives
        1. Plane
        2. Poly
        3. Cubic
        4. Quartic
        5. Polynomial
        6. Quadric
      4. Constructive Solid Geometry
        1. Inside and Outside
        2. Union
        3. Intersection
        4. Difference
        5. Merge
      5. Object Modifiers
    6. Textures
      1. Pigment
      2. Normal
      3. Finish
        1. Ambient
        2. Emission
        3. Diffuse Reflection Items
        4. Highlights
        5. Specular Reflection
        6. Conserve Energy for Reflection
        7. Iridescence
      4. Halo
      5. Patterned Textures
      6. Layered Textures
      7. UV Mapping
      8. Triangle Texture Interpolation
      9. Interior Texture
      10. Cutaway Textures
    7. Patterns
      1. General Patterns
        1. Agate
        2. Boxed
        3. Bozo
        4. Brick
        5. Bumps
        6. Cubic
        7. Cylindrical
        8. Density_File
        9. Dents
        10. Facets
        11. Fractal Patterns
        12. Function as pattern
        13. Gradient
        14. Granite
        15. Hexagon
        16. Leopard
        17. Marble
        18. Onion
        19. Pavement
        20. Pigment Pattern
        21. Planar
        22. Quilted
        23. Radial
        24. Ripples
        25. Spherical
        26. Spiral1
        27. Spiral2
        28. Spotted
        29. Square
        30. Tiling
        31. Waves
        32. Wood
        33. Wrinkles
      2. Discontinuous Patterns
        1. Cells
        2. Checker
        3. Crackle Patterns
        4. Object Pattern
        5. Triangular
      3. Normal-Dependent Patterns
        1. Aoi
        2. Slope
      4. Special Patterns
        1. Average
        2. Image Pattern
      5. Pattern Modifiers
    8. Atmospheric Effects
      1. Atmospheric Media
      2. Background
      3. Fog
      4. Sky Sphere
      5. Rainbow
    9. Media
      1. Media Types
      2. Sampling Parameters & Methods
      3. Density
    10. Include Files
      1. Main Files
        1. arrays.inc
        2. chars.inc
        3. colors.inc
        4. consts.inc
        5. debug.inc
        6. finish.inc
        7. functions.inc
        8. glass.inc, glass_old.inc
        9. math.inc
        10. metals.inc
        11. golds.inc
        12. rand.inc
        13. shapes.inc
        14. shapes2.inc
        15. shapesq.inc
        16. skies.inc
        17. stars.inc
        18. stones.inc
        19. stdinc.inc
        20. strings.inc
        21. textures.inc
        22. transforms.inc
        23. woodmaps.inc
        24. woods.inc
        25. logo.inc
        26. rad_def.inc
        27. screen.inc
        28. sunpos.inc
      2. Old Files
        1. glass_old.inc
        2. shapes_old.inc
        3. stage1.inc
        4. stdcam.inc
        5. stones1.inc
        6. stones2.inc
      3. Older Files
        1. font files (*.ttf)
        2. color_map files (*.map)
        3. image files (*.png, *.pot, *.df3)