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...internal editor, with only a few clicks of your mouse. It is only visible if you have selected an editor window.</p> ...ay for Windows as standard; you can re-render these at a higher resolution if you like - see <!--<linkto "Re-Render Insert Menu Bitmaps">Re-Render Insert

If you have never seen POV-Ray at work before, start by running the demo (sele ...that if you close the Render Window, the rendering job is not interrupted. If you have POV-Ray

...hading. This results in an object which seems to glow light by itself even if it's in full darkness (useful to make visible light sources, or small light ...circle. With the last two methods you can also control the look_at vector (if you don't want it looking just at the origin).</p>

If you have a question regarding commercial use or distribution of support if the sender has not first asked in the forums or read the documentation.

#if(SQ &lt; 0) #local Result = -1; #if(T&gt;0 &amp; T&lt;minT)

if you re-open a file from the MRU, the old setting comes back (for that file or created after that point (apart from those in the MRU list). So if you change the tab

category. You do this with the line: <code>photons{collect off}</code>. If you use <p>By default, there are no objects in the second category. If you want your

for each frame we render, and this becomes even more severe if we dither the If we said make <code>Initial_Frame = 51</code>, and <code>Final_Frame =

<li>If no camera is specified the default camera is used.</li> <li>If no projection type is given the perspective camera will be used (pinhole ca

<em>a</em> and <em>b</em> are considered to be equal if <em>abs(a-b) &lt; &quot;-&quot;) digits, an optional decimal point and more digits. If the

<td width="70%">Output file name with extension and embedded frame number if any</td> <li>Open any text output streams and do Create_INI if any.</li>

<p>Superellipsoids are roughly 2*2*2 units unless we scale them otherwise. If <p>We trace the scene at 320x200 <code>-A</code> to see the result. If we are

<p>This means that if an object moves with a constant speed it leaves an equally blurred trace on <p>If the speed is not constant but accelerating, the amount of blur changes as w

==The if...else...end Directives== {{#indexentry:Directives, language, #if}}

If is an empty string (""), no file will be written.<br> If the file extension is 'obj' a Wavefront objectfile will be written.<br>

==The #if, #else, #end construct== ...s considered 'true'. If the condition is true then directives between the #if statement and a corresponding #else or #end statement are evaluated.

understand. We need not be worried though if we do not know how to use ...ines that are drawn are assumed to be in the x-y-plane, therefore it is as if all the z-components were assumed to be zero. The use of a two-dimensional

...ice that the shadowed areas of your surroundings are not totally dark even if no light source shines directly on the surface. Diffuse light reflecting of ...sion]]</code> keyword that has been added to the <code>finish</code> block if the intent is to model a glowing object.</p>

...Whenever you start a render, this file is read before any other INI file. If you want to make changes to the way POV-Ray works by default, you should ma install if you wish.

...should make sure that all Tools Menu entries have different abbreviations if you intend to access them this way. Of course, you don't have to supply any abbreviation if you don't want

...n the number of detected cores, otherwise, the number of configured cores. If detection is not possible the default is set to 4. In <em>all</em> cases th ...number of pixels in each block will be n squared. The default value is 32. If you specify a value that is greater than the larger of the width or height

...uates to false, jump to the command after the <code>#end</code> statement. If the condition evaluates to true, just continue normally.</li> <li>If the statement evaluated to true then it will just continue normally with th

...der data will need to '''import''' the modules to work. So of all modules, if no other, bpy is generally always imported in blender scripts. (except in i If you contribute you will be credited here !

<p class="Question">Will POV-Ray render faster if I buy the latest and fastest 3D videocard?</p> ...meshes and then scanline-render them. Scanline rendering has very little, if anything, to do with raytracing. 3D-cards can't calculate typical features

precision math needed by 3DNow. I do not event know if there is any pause after it has calculated the image). If you are using the windows version

To use radiosity, include a radiosity block in the [[global_settings]]. If you are unfamiliar with the settings that control the look and performance ...es and is very easy to use, but it may not always suit our purposes. What if we tried all of the quality settings, but our scene still isn't rendering c

anyways? how do you locate it?). This means that if the object is not scene. It is a good idea to do this to every object even if you do not rotate

...aluates to zero are unaffected by any positive value of this parameter, so if you are just using the function on its own with the field strength speeds up the rendering, but if you set the value too high the surface starts to break up and may disappear

...</em> modify or override settings given in the <em>FINISH_IDENTIFIER</em>. If no identifier is specified then the items modify the finish values in the c statements just as if you had explicitly typed the full <code>texture {...}</code> around it.</p>

...f the display option. The Display option <code>+d</code> is ON by default. If you turn this OFF in the INI file or on the command ...There is no way to 'save the render window' after rendering is completed. If you turned file output off before starting the render, and change your mind

size. If the element has been previously re-sized using scale then scale will If a lone float expression is specified it is promoted to a three component

for light backgrounds. But what if we want a media which works with both type of scaled accordingly. This means that if you for example scale a container object

A neat feature of this transformation is that if you throw away only would be a lot smaller. If POV-Ray can read binary images, why

...tails: how to configure the I/O Restrictions (or get them out of your hair if you want them turned off). If this option is chosen, POV scripts can read/write everything (subject to op

<p>If fast Preview Mode is enabled, the preview window will only be updated for each line that has been rendered. If it is off, the preview

<p class="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> If you need to specify a quote mark in <p>If you need to specify a backslash, you will have to specify two. For example:

...d by commas and enclosed by parentheses. The parentheses are required even if no parameters are specified. {{New}} in version 3.8 see also: [[Reference:U ...ss="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> Any conditional directives such as <code>#if</code>...<code>#end</code>, <code>#while</code>...<code>#end</code>, etc. m

if specified with other keywords. The keywords are grouped into functional There are three mutually exclusive light types. If no <em>LIGHT_TYPE</em> is

assumed to be POV-Ray files and will have POV syntax highlighting. If you use a different file Note that POVWIN will not let you load more than one copy of the same file. If you attempt to

...sitive z-axis direction (forward). We can only do this with our left hand. If we had used our right hand we would not have been able to point the middle ...on. Our fingers will curl in the positive direction of rotation. Similarly if we point our thumb in the negative direction of the axis our fingers will c

is to see if the light source is illuminating the intersection point in the #if(Ind2!=closest &amp; calcRaySphereIntersection(IP,L,nd2)&gt;0)

which you specify them. For example if you translate, then warp or warp, then grain, it would look to the viewer as if there were a knothole in the wood.

...or identifier declarations. This semi-colon is introduced in POV-Ray v3.1. If omitted, it generates a warning and some macros may not work properly. Semi <code>[[Reference:Conditional Directives#The if...else...end Directives|:#end|#end]]</code> blocks are not created at the t

.../ every commit to the source] of the script for new features or bug fixes, if you find out you need an update, ...e its feature set to enjoy specific features, like blurry reflections. And if you want to be sure to use the plain official POV-Ray 3.7 engine instead, j

...the surface properties only. The interior of an object is only of interest if it has a transparent texture which allows you to see inside the object. It ...side but interior features may not render properly. They should be avoided if accurate interiors are required.</p>

Almost anyone can use POV-Ray for Windows. If you have never seen a ray tracing program memory (though less is OK if you are not doing complicated scenes).

recognizable if we have been working with color maps all along anyway. All we One might ask: if there is a texture map, why do we need pigment and normal

updated for each line that has been rendered. If it is off, the preview complexity if Fast Preview Mode is turned off./p

the same (though if you are running no other applications they will be fairly close). Message window or an Editor window (if a file is open) to be displayed within the main window.

3.2-5.4578</code> and that there is no 3rd term. If you see an error message ...There should be a semi-colon after the expression in a vector declaration. If omitted, it generates a warning and some macros may not work properly.</p>

(from textures, pigment and normal maps through material maps). First, if we quite easily. If we have worked with layered textures, we have already seen

...e the system software, based on a user setting in the gamma control panel. If the gamma control panel is turned off, or is not available, the default Mac ...</code> are provided more for the sake of completeness than anything else. If you think one of these values is right for you, chances are you're doing so

===What to do if you don't have POV-Ray=== ...e this file by itself in various formats including online on the internet. If you do not have POV-Ray or are not sure you have the official version or th

...t in the current triangle (it's not necessarily the adjacent triangle, but if the mesh is closed, some triangle will surely shadow the point in question) <li>Look if in the current point the unperturbed normal vector points away from the lig

<td>Sets file output on; sets format x, sets grayscale if applicable, depth n</td> <td>Sets file output off; but in future use format x, sets grayscale if applicable, depth n</td>

specifies the image size for file output. The preview display, if on, will ...pens to use more than this, a file backed temporary image is used instead. If using this option you <em>must</em> specify a value. This option is on by d

<p>If you do not yet have POV-Ray installed or are not sure you have the official ...ation:Tutorial Section 5.1#What to do if you don't have POV-Ray|What to do if you don't have POV-Ray]].</p>

<code>normal_vectors{}</code>, duplicates can be removed. If the number <p>Just as with the <code>normal_vectors</code>, if the number

<p class="tabletext">If you describe a circle in 2 dimensions with a constant in the 3rd dimension <p>However, if you need more or less than three parameters when declaring a function, you

intermixing of the text. The distinction is only important if you choose to continue to render the scene. You will be informed if POV-Ray has made any

<code>clock</code>. If an object had a <code>rotate &lt;0,clock,0&gt;</code> ...code> or <code>+KFF10</code> causes POV-Ray to render your scene 10 times. If you specified <code>[[Reference:File Output Options#Output File Name|:Outpu

<p>(If you guessed that the problem happens when the normal vector of the triangle ...ering algorithm used in POV-Ray. The following text is quite technical, so if you just want to read about possible solutions to this problem, you can ski

...er be handled at all. However <em>some</em> old features can still be used if you alert POV-Ray that this is an older scene. The <code>#version</code> di ...emi-colon after the float expression in a <code>#version</code> directive. If omitted a warning is generated and some macros may not work properly. Addit

..., exact instructions may vary depending on your operating system. However, if you have even a basic understanding of software compilation you should be a ...way, this is because some important files aren't yet where they should be. If you navigate to the place where you extracted '''POVSRC''' you will see two

...i.e. their surface is defined by the strength of the field in each point. If this strength is equal to a threshold value you are on the surface otherwis ...ape. The components' surfaces actually stretch out smoothly and connect as if they were made of honey or something similar.</p>

If you have installed any GUI Extensions (or used any software that may have i make sure you see if the problem exists with the extensions disabled and unloaded.

statement in your scene file. This is quite useful if you want to get nice the background color based on the distance to the intersection point. If you

...gment is used. The color you define is the way you want the object to look if fully illuminated. You pick the basic color inherent in the object and POV- ...GMENT_IDENTIFIER</em> modify or override settings given in the identifier. If no identifier is specified then the items modify the pigment values in the

together contribute 100% of the final color. So if <code>transmit</code> is set to 0.9, example if <code>transmit</code> is set to 1.7, the transmitted color contributes with

<p>Each item is optional and may appear in any order. If an item is specified ...ue other than 1.0 will produce physically inaccurate results. Furthermore, if you decide to go for a different value for convenience, it is highly recomm

...ment the surface of the hole will be black, as this is the default color if no color is specified.</p> <p>If we trace this object we see red speckles where the hole is supposed to

<p>The first items specify the spline type and sweep type. The defaults if none is specified is <code>linear_spline</code> and <code> linear_sweep</co ...the first sub-prism. The following points are connected by straight lines. If you specify a value identical to the first point, this closes the sub-prism

...ameters, and true or false depending on whether an intersection was found: If an intersection is found, they return true and set OPt to the intersection ...last letter. Text_Width gives the <em>physical</em> width of the text and if you use only one letter the <em>physical</em> width of one glyph.</p>

of the patch to see if it is flat enough to just pretend it is a rectangle. from 0 to 1 (the lower the slower). The default if none is specified is

...ssion containing the name of a bitmapped image file of the specified type. If the <em>BITMAP_TYPE</em> is not given, the same type is expected as the typ <p>The second method will look for, and use &quot;Eggs.png&quot; if the output file type is set to be <code>png</code> (Output_File_Type=N in I

...ady been reported - if it has, and is still open, don't add a new report - if you have relevant information not already in the existing report, consider ...l, but may) be re-posted in our newsgroups, on USENET, or on our web site, if we consider it appropriate to do so.</p>

<p class="Warning"><strong>Warning:</strong> If neither of these files exists I/O Restrictions are deactivated!</p> <li>If <code>[File I/O Security]</code> is set to <code>read-only</code>, any dire

...ameters are not available. However, a preview display can still be enabled if building from source and the optional [http://www.libsdl.org SDL] library i ...ady been reported - if it has, and is still open, don't add a new report - if you have relevant information not already in the existing report, consider

<p>Welcome to the POV-Ray documentation repository ... if you're looking for the most up to date documentation, you've found it! This ...1.8.2 [[Documentation:Tutorial Section 3.9#If the ray doesn't hit anything|If the ray doesn't hit anything]]

...mat (it depends on the settings) with the same name as the source code (so if the source is named <code>CHAIR.POV</code>, the image will be named <code>C ...POV-Ray 2.2: Try [http://www.europa.com/~keithr/crossroads Crossroads] or if you want to convert to Moray MDL files, try [http://www.stmuc.com/thbaier/t

<p>The calculations necessary to test if a ray hits an object can be quite poly) cannot be automatically bound. CSG objects are automatically bound if

If you are trying to model a single object with both an inside and outside tex ...adiosity is turned on, then they are caused by radiosity sampling errors. If you haven't already done so, check the [[Documentation:Tutorial_Section_3.7

<p>The first item is a keyword specifying the type of spline. The default if none is specified is <code>linear_spline</code>. The required integer value points are not automatically connected. You will have to do this yourself if you want a closed curve. The curve thus defined is rotated about the y-axis

have to excuse me if I make any mistakes in this post. If you decide to do this, I would like to place a few rules on the

* If you're not sure it's a bug, or how to report it, chat with the folks in the * Use the English language in any tasks you open. Nothing will get done if we can't understand you.

...ld only range from 0.0 to 0.5 because height_fields cannot have overhangs. If you do not specify <code>Lo_slope</code> and <code>Hi_slope</code>, you sho ...means that the slope has greater effect on the results than the gradient. If on the other hand <code>&lt;Altitude&gt;</code> is longer, it means that th

...one are used to squish it. Scale is relative to the current element size. If the element has been previously re-sized using scale then scale will size r <p>If a lone float expression is specified it is promoted to a three component ve

#declare odsVerticalModulation = 0.2; // Use 0.0001 if you don't care about Zenith & Nadir zones. #declare odsVerticalModulation = 0.2; // Use 0.0001 if you don't care about Zenith & Nadir zones.

...xture then the pigment, normal or finish will modify the existing texture. If no texture has yet been attached to the object then the default texture is .../code> statements begin with the defaults that were in effect at the time. If you wish to reset to the original POV-Ray defaults then you should first sa

...code> or a <code>box</code> both of which use the standard POV-Ray syntax. If nothing is specified a default <code>box</code>, as noted above, will be us ...face</code> POV-Ray stores the found gradient values and issues a warning, if these values are either higher or much lower than the specified <code>max_g

<code>[[Reference:Conditional Directives#The if...else...end Directives|:else|else]]</code><br> <code>[[Reference:Conditional Directives#The if...else...end Directives|:elseif|elseif]]</code><br>

[[Reference:Conditional Directives#The if...else...end Directives|:#else|#else]]<br> [[Reference:Conditional Directives#The if...else...end Directives|:#elseif|#elseif]]<br>

...p(V, Min, Max)</code>: A function that limits a value to a specific range, if it goes outside that range it is <em>clipped</em>. Input values larger than ...p(V, Min, Max)</code>: A function that limits a value to a specific range, if it goes outside that range it is <em>clamped</em> to this range, wrapping a

to be dropped into it directly. If the selection mode is on, you can If it is on, the image will be dithered to the screen. This is most

<p>If you have some question not answered here, don't be afraid to ask in the app :<li>[[KB:Language Questions and Tips#Topic 19|If I tell POV-Ray to render a square image or otherwise change the aspect rati

...Ray v3.0 atmosphere feature. Another sample is taken between two existing, if the difference between the two end samples is greater than <code>aa_thresho ...total number of intervals must exceed the number of illuminated intervals. If a ray passes in and out of 8 spotlights but you have only specified 5 inter

...statements will be searched for in the home (current) directory first and, if not found, will then be searched for in directories specified by any <code> ...ale the pigment or texture to map it onto the object's surface as desired. If you would like to change this default orientation you may translate, rotate

<td width="70%">Turn <code>Keyword</code> on if bool equals <code>true</code>, <code> yes</code>, <code>on</code> or <code>1</code> and Turn it off if it is any

<p>If it is not necessary for light beams to interact with atmospheric media, keyword. At depth 0 the final color is the object's color. If the

fractal object if none of the vectors in the sequence escapes a hypersphere with a low <code>max_iteration</code> value can be quite interesting. If

...off with the <code>hierarchy off</code> keyword. This should only be done if memory is short or the mesh consists of only a few triangles. The default i ...ll only work for well-behaved meshes, which are completely closed volumes. If meshes have any holes in them, this might work, but the results are not gua

...ORMAL_IDENTIFIER</em> modify or override settings given in the identifier. If no identifier is specified then the items modify the normal values in the c pattern. The default value if none is specified is 0.5.</p>

If the index of a pixel is greater than the number of textures in your list searched for in the home (current) directory first and, if not found, will

:::* [[Documentation:Tutorial Section 3.9#If the ray doesn't hit anything|If the ray doesn't hit anything]] ...ation:Tutorial Section 5.1#What to do if you don't have POV-Ray|What to do if you don't have POV-Ray]]

different shapes. If you take any three dimensional point and use its x, y and z coordinates in the above equation the answer will be 0 if the point is

...gh you may give files of this type any legitimate file name, it is easiest if you give them the <code>.pov</code> extension. In this Help file, scene des ...ou can create a file scene.ini to contain settings specific for scene.pov. If you include the option <code>Input_File_Name=scene.pov</code> in scene.ini,

ray's direction vector is calculated. If this angle lies in the interval rainbow is noticeable on objects. If this effect is not wanted it can be

...left corner of the screen. The <code>WIDTH</code> and <code>HEIGHT</code>, if given, override any previous <code>+Wn</code> and <code>+Hn</code> settings <dd>Use the deepest visual of <strong><code>visual_type</code></strong>, if available, instead of the automatically selected visual.<!--</dd>--->

...filtering and/or transmitting components lower layers will shine through. If not lower layers will be invisible.</p> <p>If you want to add a nice color blend to your background you can easily do thi

...keyword <code>open</code> allows you to remove the caps on the SOR object. If you do this you should not use it with CSG because the results may be wrong <p>One might ask why there is any need for a SOR object if there is already a lathe object which is much more flexible. The reason is

...nal but if they are present the <em>TEXTURE_IDENTIFIER</em> must be first. If no texture identifier is given, then POV-Ray creates a copy of the default ...modify any pigment, normal and finish already specified in the identifier. If no texture identifier is specified the <code> pigment</code>, <code>normal<

...fore in other announcements on this news server but we would appreciate it if you do not post your messages in HTML format. Many of our visitors do not h ...f artistic expression we ask that you present it as tastefully as possible if you post images of this type. Use good judgment where this is concerned and

If you do want to port the scene to the right math, here's what I expect to be ...being used as a colour, try the default first (i.e. no "gamma" statement); if the colours appear too washed-out or too strong, try explicitly specifying

<p><code>Debug_Message(Str)</code>: If debugging, sends the message to the debug stream.</p> <li><code>Message</code> = The message to be sent if Condition evaluates as <em>true</em>.</li>

...pecified. Any <code>density</code> after a transformation is not affected. If the <code>media</code> has no <code>density</code> statements and none was ...>scattering</code> media unless <code>extinction</code> is set to zero, so if a shadow is not desired, use the <code>no_shadow</code> keyword for the con

If we say 'include files are stored in the <code>include</code> directory', we <li> POV-Ray uses INI files and/or command-line switches (if available) to choose options in all versions, but some platforms (e.g. Wind

If the last sub-polygon is not closed a warning is issued and the program the same plane. If this is not the case an error occurs. It is common to use

If the surface is not smooth, has dropouts, or extra random pixels, try using always, this will solve the problem. If sturm does not work, try rotating

...LAY environment variable is set, the X Window display is used. Otherwise, if the user is on the console, and has permission to do so, SVGAlib is used.

#if (RAD) <p>POV-Ray looks for files in the current directory. If it does not find a

...before it actually hits another (or the same) object to avoid this effect. If this distance is <br>If so, specify <code>tolerance 1.0e-4</code> or higher.</p>

if you get an error, whatever will follow the "configure: error: " is the name But please do share if you know what (probably small) modification would allow the "make install"

different text streams to use including the ability to generate a fatal error if you find it necessary. Limited formatting is available for strings output b distinction is only important if you choose to turn some of the streams off

<p>However the radial pattern wraps the color map around the +y-axis once. If ...so that the map starts and ends at a different place. In the example above if you render successive frames at <code>phase 0</code> then <code>phase 0.1</

...depth of the normal is affected by the scaling. This is not always wanted. If you want to turn off bump scaling for a texture or normal, you can do this ...bump_scale</code> is specified at the top-level of the texture (or normal, if the normal is not wrapped in a texture).</p>

<p>A background color can be specified if desired. Any ray that does not hit an object will be colored with this colo ...t;</code> rather than <code>rgb&lt;&gt;</code> in the background statement if you want the old behavior.</li>

<br>Also, if the cutting object was not given a texture by the user, the default texture the objects in the difference or intersection. If the intersection point is inside an object,

* If discussion of a feature request has resulted in a summary or conclusion tha ...licity. (When was the last time anyone just browsed the github just to see if there was some interesting discussion going on in some of the entries?) The

<p>If <code>coords</code> is specified, the facets pattern creates facets with a <p>If <code>size</code> is specified, the facets texture uses a different functio

...le. You may use <code>#ifdef</code> <em>FILE_HANDLE_IDENTIFIER</em> to see if a file is open.</p> <p>If you attempt to read past end-of-file, the file is automatically closed and

second height field will look much smoother in the y-direction if the height ...ference:Height Field|listed]] above. Specifying the file type is optional. If it is not defined the same file type will be assumed as the one that is set

do not look exactly like a series of transparent surfaces. If you had a stack ...:</strong> No macros are allowed in layered textures. The problem is that if a macro would contain a declare the parser could no longer guess that two o

If you wish to suggest changes to these areas, please discuss in the 'talk' pa ...for the current [http://www.povray.org/download/ stable] release, or here if you'd like to test drive the current [http://www.povray.org/beta/ beta] rel

true if the normal vector has unit length; see below). For example:</p> atmospheric media. If you place a camera on the &quot;inside&quot; half of

<p>Rendering without display will also speed up things. If your render is writing a lot of text to a terminal window, either hiding it .../linkto>--->[[Reference:Tracing Options#Quality Settings|quality]] setting if you're just testing your scene, and do not care about the quality of the ou

<li><code>Scaling</code> = If the object intersects or interacts with the scene, try to move it closer to <li><code>Scaling </code> = If the plane intersects or interacts with the scene, try to move it closer to

parameter values. If two points have the same parameter value, the second point will replace the You can also have POV-Ray evaluate a spline as if it were a different type

...added to this wiki, even if the assistance of markup is not required (e.g. if the formula could be displayed using standard HTML). This will assist when

...ing is a list of the currently-available and wished for 'How To' articles. If you add a new article, please list and link it here. This section is for software problems with POV-Ray. If you are trying to figure out why your scene isn't rendering as expected, se

...torus intersection, i.e. solving a 4th order polynomial, is only performed if the bounding cylinder is hit. Thus a lot of slow root solving calculations <p>If additional accuracy is required you can add the <code>[[Reference:Sturm Obj

...D as a doubleclickable application. Stomp3D expects the stomp.config file (if any) to reside in the Preferences folder inside the System Folder.</p>

// But if one ommited the line below or commented it out... : ...design. It adds to whatever is behind, without filtering anything out. So if your media just disappears over the background, what you can do is :

...nt of Red, without us having to change the Blue box to Red and then others if we decide to change the color of the whole object. The resultant image, re So if we take our previous code and change it around a small bit:

...de patches and more, but always related in some way or another to POV-Ray. If you have a website devoted to POV-Ray this is a great way to advertize it. ...y three months. Participants may use any 3D rendering program they choose. If you want to see the best there is in 3D rendering and raytracing this is th

...ode>accuracy</code>, has been added to normals. It only makes a difference if the normal uses a <code>slope_map</code> (either specified or implied).</p>

<li>if the given <em>Inner_Radius</em> is too small the minimal value is used inst <p>If additional accuracy is required you can add the <code>[[Reference:Sturm Obj

[[Keyword:if|if]]<br>

...translucency value, we start to see through the object. In a <em>CSG</em>, if the back surface doesn't have a similar translucency, you may also see unex

...e memory consumption. That increased memory footprint will not revert even if the array is later set to elements all of the same type.</li> <li>If using <em>dot notation</em> the indices must follow the generic rules for i

multidimensional arrays for example. Just make sure your macro returns true if the item at IdxA &lt; but you can redefine it in your scene file to handle multidimensional arrays if needed.

If you only want media effects in a particular area, you should use object med <p class="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> The atmosphere feature will not work if the camera is inside a non-hollow object (see the section <!--<linkto "Empt

...additional illumination. However, they will only illuminate other objects if radiosity is used with media on. This is similar to an object with high <c ...g. This is followed by the color of the scattered light. The default value if no <code>scattering</code> statement is given is <code>rgb &lt;0,0,0&gt;</c

...e using any of POV-Ray's pattern functions such as those used in textures. If no <code>density</code> statement is given then the density remains a const ...ically, a <code>media</code> uses just one constant color throughout. Even if you vary the density, it is usually just one color which is specified by th

2. If two points are far apart, the noise values at those points are 3. If two points are close together, the noise values at those points are

...>gradient x</code> is evaluated and the result is a value from 0.0 to 1.0. If the value is less than the first entry (in this case 0.1) then the first co <p>If you want areas of unchanging color you simply specify the same color for tw

<li>If the final computed value is too low or too high, the resultant pigment will <li>It can also be used to move the calculated values into a specific range if the result is saturated at one end of the color_map.</li>

of the df3-file. That is, if the file is twice (minus header, of course) if it is four times as long 32 bit ints.<!--</dd>--->

<p>If the expression to be added has a negative sign it will of course in effect <p>If you need fewer or more parameters you have to explicitly specify the

<p class="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> The comma is required especially if <em>Bump_Size</em> is <p>If only the range -1 to 1 was used of the old gradient, for example in a

<p>The include file is read in as if it were inserted at that point in the file. Using include is almost the sam <p class="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> If you ever intend to distribute any source files you make for POV-Ray, rememb

areas where all components overlap. A point is part of an intersection if it is <p class="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> If all components do not overlap, the intersection object disappears.</p>

...e>[[Reference:Interior|:interior|interior]]</code> to an object especially if and fog also do not work as expected if your camera is inside an object.

:::* [[Reference:Conditional Directives#The if...else...end Directives|The if...else...end Directives]]

...it <em>must</em> be included in the light group as well. Keep in mind that if the scattering media also has an <code>absorption</code> component, it <em>

The material is just a <em>bucket</em> to carry them. If the object already has a texture, then the material texture is layered over it. If the object

Closing the render window will also speed up things. If your render is writing a lot of text .../linkto>--->[[Reference:Tracing Options#Quality Settings|quality]] setting if you're just

If the number of normals equals the number of vertices then the normal_indices ...:</strong> The <code>texture_list</code> section is optional <em>only</em> if <code>face_indices</code> doesn't contain any texture index values.</p>

...ot solving of the connecting torus, and it's default is <code>1e-4</code>. If additional accuracy is required you can now add the <code>[[Reference:Sturm

<li>If you declare a <code>parametric</code> surface using <code>precompute</code>

are the veins. However the pattern exists throughout the entire block. If you

...pigment you want. Any entry of a pigment map may be a solid color however if all entries are solid colors you should use a <code>color_map</code> which

...<strong>Note:</strong> This pattern uses a pigment to get the gray values. If you want to

<p>If additional accuracy is required you can add the <code>[[Reference:Sturm Obj

...a few seconds). Note that the Easter Egg makes use of multiple processors if available.</p>

If you've already had a look at the [[Documentation:Contents|contents]] then y

<p>If additional accuracy is required you can add the <code>[[Reference:Sturm Obj

Almost anyone can use POV-Ray for Unix. If you have never seen a ray tracing program

default value is 1.0 if none is specified. Think of this gouge between the

...by randomly sampling the bounding box of the object, and can be quite slow if the object occupies a small percentage of the volume of its bounding box (b

Because spheres are highly optimized they make good bounding shapes (if

<p class="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> The comma is required especially if <em>Bump_Size</em> is

<p class="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> The comma is required especially if <em>Bump_Size</em> is negative. The pattern uses the <code>triangle_wave</c

...g. The square rods of color extend infinitely in the +y and -y directions. If no colors are specified then default blue, green, red and yellow colors are

...>L</code> = Minimum length of the string and the type of left padding used if the string's representation is shorter than the minimum.</li>

...rted but the syntax allows for other font types to be added in the future. If TrueType Collections are used, the first font found in the collection will

<dd>Looks like old desk oak if used correctly.<!--</dd>--->

...he triangular rods of color extend infinitely in the +y and -y directions. If no colors are specified then default blue, green, red, magenta, cyan and ye

...0..1). Surface of Revolution also has special disc mapping on the end caps if the object is not <em>open</em>.</li>

If you want those surfaces to be removed you will have to use the <code>

...a pair of files: One UDO file and one INC file. Both are supplied by you (if you write them by hand) or some application that can export to Moray UDO fo

...ory for many POV-Ray, ray-tracing and computer graphics related resources. If you are looking for some specific utility program, demo scenes, FAQ's or th

...mple program and all it does is join MPG files but it does this very well if used correctly.</p>

:<p>Gilles is a true artist. If you want to see mind blowing raytraced images this is the site to visit. Be

...y three months. Participants may use any 3D rendering program they choose. If you want to see the best there is in 3D rendering and raytracing this is th

:<p>This is an extensive collection of links even if a bit disorganized</p>

...eet and Fingers can all be positioned. Hair of varying styles can be added if required, as can image_maps for the face.</p>

...ww.toren.com/radiance/dxfimport_so.cpp .cpp] source files for similar Use (if you are the author and want this link removed, please ask) </p>

...al ones. In the real world they would set you back over a thousand dollars if you were to buy them all but here they are free.</p>

...s many features and is actively maintained and developed by it's creators. If you are looking for a low cost full featured modelling environment for POV-

...the corresponding object. It takes advantage of an accelerated video card if present.</p>

<li>Especially if the inverse keyword is used!</li>

...ly enabled via X11 itself. However, a preview display can still be enabled if building from source and the optional [http://www.libsdl.org SDL Simple Dir

:* if new images get added please observe naming convention.

...gaPOV implementation, where the values range from 0.5 down to 0.0 instead. If compatibility with MegaPOV is desired, it is recommended to mirror the grad

defaults to 1.0 if not specified. This weight value is the relative weight

If your map looks jagged, try using interpolation instead of going to a higher

Boxes are calculated efficiently and make good bounding shapes (if manually

the color of the brick itself. If no colors are specified a default deep red

<p>If no colors are specified then default blue and green colors are

<p>This can be useful if you want to temporarily remove elements from a scene

<p>If additional accuracy is required you can add the <code>[[Reference:Sturm Obj

# If not already open, select the "Options" menu and select "Open pov.properties

<p class="Note"><strong>Note:</strong> If the first object is entirely inside the subtracted objects, the difference

disc</code>. The disc is infinitely thin, it has no thickness. If you want a

sphere is either partially transparent, or if the camera is inside and the light source

<p><code>exponent</code> is an integer between 2 and 33. If not given, the default is 2.</p>

<p>On the other hand, if you need more or less than three parameters when

...nces of the <tt>transform</tt> block and the <tt>vtransform</tt> function. If you apply transformations to objects in your scene, then you're likely goin

If no colors are specified then default blue, green and red colors are

useful if you want atmospheric effects to exist inside an object. It is even

...><strong>Note:</strong> This pattern uses an image to get the gray values. If you want exactly the same possibilities but need to get gray values from a

A scene will appear black if:

circumstances this does not matter. However if a transparent <code>

beams or other unreal effects. During test rendering it speeds things up if